Genetic Mechanisms of Resistance in clinical isolates at the National Hospital of Chalchuapa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5377/rchyc.v4i1.20604Keywords:
bacterial resistance, resistance genes, beta-lactamsAbstract
Antimicrobial resistance and the description of resistance genes are crucial determinants in hospital epidemiology. The study analyzed genetic resistance mechanisms in clinical isolates from the Hospital Nacional de Chalchuapa. A descriptive approach was used for the research, selecting bacteria isolated with Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL) detection. A total of 17 samples
meeting the selection criteria were collected between April and November 2023, and resistance genes were detected using endpoint Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Escherichia coli was identified as the most frequent bacterium with ESBL detection. Genes such as TEM, CTX-M, and OXA-1 were amplified, and in some strains, the presence of combined VIM and NDM genes was
detected. Additionally, transfer genes like the mobile genetic element integron 1 were identified. These findings underscore the need to improve infection control practices and rational antibiotic use to prevent reducing therapeutic options and the economic impact on public health. The presence of transferable genes highlights the necessity of monitoring to prevent the spread of resistance.
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