Phytosanitary practices in Coffea arabica production in Miraflor, Estelí
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5377/wani.v1i84.22849Keywords:
phytopathology, Coffea Arabica, integrated pest management, productivity, plant healthAbstract
The study aimed to identify the phytosanitary practices used in the management of pests and diseases in the productivity of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in the Miraflor Natural Reserve, Estelí. It is justified by the low yields and losses due to phytosanitary factors in the context of a protected area. A non-experimental, descriptive study with a mixed approach was conducted, applying structured surveys and direct field observation to producers. The results show a high presence of phytopathogenic diseases, highlighting that 43 % of the farms have a combined incidence of rust (Hemileia vastatrix), coffee leaf spot (Mycena citricolor), leaf spot (Cercospora coffeicola), and anthracnose (Colletotrichum coffeanum). Partially, rust and anthracnose reach 14 %, while other minor combinations represent 10 %, indicating a strong coexistence of pathogens. The coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) was identified as the main one, both individually and associated with the leaf miner (Leucoptera coffeella); mealybug (Planococcus lilacinus), with 33 % individual incidence and 43 % in combination with leaf miner, followed by borer–mealybug (14 %) and other combinations or isolated presence (5 %). It was found that conventional phytosanitary practices predominate, with limited use of preventive and integrated approaches. Productive management indicates that 57 % use organic practices, 24 % chemical, and 14 % mixed, showing the need to strengthen sustainable integrated crop management. It is concluded that current practices are insufficient to reduce phytosanitary problems; therefore, it is necessary to strengthen integrated pest and disease management.
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