Symptoms Associated with the Use of Cleaning Chemicals among Nicaraguan Workers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5377/ul.v13i2.22893Keywords:
occupational health, cleaning workers, cleaning chemicals, respiratory symptoms, chemical risksAbstract
Cleaning workers routinely use chemical products with irritant, corrosive, or sensitizing properties, which may contribute to respiratory, skin, and ocular symptoms. In Nicaragua, evidence regarding these manifestations among cleaning workers remains limited. This study aimed to describe symptoms associated with the use of cleaning chemicals among workers from nine sites in the country. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 106 cleaning workers from educational, administrative, and service institutions. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and direct workplace observation. Sociodemographic and occupational characteristics, products used, quantity and frequency of use, reported symptoms, and personal protective equipment (PPE) use were described. The most commonly used products were sodium hypochlorite (100%), alkaline detergents (99.1%), and air fresheners containing formaldehyde (99.1%). The most frequent symptoms were respiratory, particularly sneezing, cough, and nasal itching, followed by skin manifestations such as dryness and irritation. Average creolin consumption was higher among workers reporting respiratory symptoms, although the difference was not statistically significant. PPE use was mainly limited to masks and gloves, with low use of eye protection and other protective equipment. These findings highlight the need to strengthen training in safe chemical handling and promote preventive practices among this occupational group.
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