Epidemiology of Pediatric Burns in a Pediatric Hospital in Honduras

Abstract

Introduction: Burns present a more substantial and intricate challenge to pediatric health, given their potential to set off a variety of events. They are classified based on their mechanism, extent, and depth. In Honduras, limited information exists regarding pediatric burn injuries. This study outlines the characteristics of patients hospitalized at the Honduran Center for Burned Children (CEHNIQ). Objective: This study aims to describe the epidemiological characteristics of children admitted to CEHNIQ in 2021. Methods: A descriptive and retrospective study was conducted on children hospitalized for any type of burn injury from January to December 2021. Medical records were reviewed, and information on variables of interest was collected. Descriptive analysis was performed using the Epiinfo software version 7.2.5. Results: 52.9% were male, and 59.9% were aged 1-4 years. 58.4% came from rural areas. 66.8% of burns were caused by hot liquids, and 17.9% by flames. 88% experienced second-degree burns, and 69% had less than 10% of their body surface burned. 67% required hospitalization for less than 10 days. Conclusions: In Honduras, a country with limited economic resources, campaigns are being carried out to reduce the use of fireworks and thereby decrease the incidence of burn injuries related to gunpowder in pediatric patients. However, it is important to highlight that the primary cause of burns is not related to gunpowder but to hot liquids, a direct result of easy access to kitchen utensils. This finding is consistent with international research. Additionally, a higher proportion of burn cases were found in boys compared to girls, contrasting with previous trends. It is noteworthy that children's skin characteristics make them more susceptible to suffering deeper burns, with second-degree burns being the main reason for hospitalization.