IMPACT OF WATER POLLUTION FROM LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION: ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES AND PUBLIC HEALTH RISKS

Abstract

Water contamination caused by waste derived from livestock production represents a global environmental and public health issue. This activity, particularly in intensive farming systems, generates large volumes of organic and chemical waste that, if not properly managed, can infiltrate surface water bodies such as rivers, lakes, and streams, as well as underground aquifers through runoff and rainfall. These effluents often contain pathogens, viruses, nitrates, heavy metals, and residues of antibiotics or additives used in animal feed. Such contamination compromises the quality of water resources and poses a direct risk to human health, leading to gastrointestinal diseases, acute infections, chronic conditions, and even antimicrobial resistance. Additionally, aquatic ecosystems are affected by phenomena such as eutrophication, reduced dissolved oxygen levels, and loss of biodiversity. This article analyzes the main mechanisms of water contamination associated with livestock production, the ecological impacts on aquatic environments, and the effects on public health, especially in communities near livestock production areas.