Tree quality of 11 forest species in the Yulûh Departmental Arboretum, Siuna 2010-2025

Abstract

Forest plantations are key for ecological restoration and sustainable timber production in Nicaragua's Caribbean, where tree quality determines ecological and commercial potential. This study assessed growth and quality of 11 high-value native species established 2009-2015 at Yulûh Departmental Arboretum (Siuna, RACCN, Nicaragua), evaluating dendrometric and morphological parameters from 2010-2025. A total census of 1,163 trees was conducted following Murillo & Camacho (1997) methodology, measuring diameter (ground level and DBH), total height, bifurcation, inclination, mechanical damage, phytosanitary condition, and mortality. Statistical analyses (ANOVA, neural networks) and mathematical modeling identified growth patterns. All species exceeded national minimum annual diameter increment (0.5 cm/year), with Calophyllum brasiliense var. rekoi (1.58 cm/year diameter, 1.05 m/year height), Pithecellobium arboreum (1.45 cm/year), and Platymiscium pinnatum (1.44 cm/year) performing best. 66.25% showed excellent quality, though mechanical damage (100% normalized importance), phytosanitary condition (93.5%), and bifurcation (88.2%) were limiting factors. Polynomial models (R² > 0.90) accurately described growth. It is concluded that URACCAN's silvicultural practices are effective but require enhanced phytosanitary control and mechanical damage correction. Results provide predictive models and technical guidelines for similar Caribbean reforestations.