Cat scratch disease in a preschool: case report

Abstract

Introduction: Cat scratch disease (CSD) is a bacterial infection caused by Bartonella henselae, transmitted through scratches or bites from infected cats. It is characterized by regional lymphadenopathy, fever, and nonspecific symptoms. It is more common in children, young adults, and immunocompromised individuals. Diagnosis is made by serology and biopsy. Treatment generally includes antibiotics such as azithromycin. Case description: A 5-year-old male patient presented with pain and swelling in his right elbow, with a painful 1 cm axillary mass that had developed two days earlier, without fever or systemic symptoms. History of hand injury and contact with cats. Physical examination revealed painful nodular lesions in the right epitrochlear and axillary regions. Computed axial tomography (CAT) scan of the right arm showed no fractures, and ultrasound revealed adenomegaly. Complete blood count was normal, and serology was negative except for Bartonella henselae. A lymph node biopsy was performed, and pathology confirmed chronic granulomatous lymphadenitis consistent with cat scratch disease. Treatment with azithromycin for 10 days was administered, and the adenopathy resolved. Conclusion: It is important to consider cat scratch disease in pediatrics, especially in patients with frequent contact with cats and lymphadenopathy. The association between epidemiological history and clinical findings is a fundamental pillar that guides early diagnosis. In Honduras, CSD should be considered in patients with lymphadenopathy and a history of contact with cats to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment.