Analysis of the physical environment in university educational spaces and its influence on academic performance: a study applied at the Bluefields campus of BICU

Abstract

The physical environment in university classrooms plays a fundamental role in students’ academic performance and in the effectiveness of teaching. This study examined the environmental conditions in the educational spaces at the Bluefields campus of the BICU and their impact on teaching and learning processes. Factors such as light, noise, and ventilation were evaluated using both specialized measurement tools and questionnaires administered to teachers and students. The research took a quantitative and descriptive approach, using instruments such as lux meters, sound level meters, and thermo-hygrometers to collect information on light, sound, and air quality. These variables were compared with national standards (NTON 12 006-04) and international WHO guidelines for educational environments. The findings showed that lighting in some classrooms was insufficient or excessive, which affected visual comfort. Likewise, noise exceeded the recommended limit of 35 dB, hindering communication and attention. Poor ventilation contributed to the accumulation of carbon dioxide, causing fatigue and reducing intellectual performance. It was concluded that unfavorable environmental conditions have a negative influence on teachers and students, highlighting the urgent need to optimize lighting, reduce noise, and improve ventilation in BICU educational spaces.