La Revista de la Universidad es el órgano oficial de comunicación de la UNAH desde 1909. Dirigida a expresar el quehacer universitario en sus funciones sustantivas y estratégicas ligadas a los diferentes ámbitos como la difusión cultural, creación, crítica literaria, gestión cultural y gestión del conocimiento; todas ellas visibles en sus ocho secciones destinadas a investigación científica, académica y cultural.
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras
The founding of the National University of Honduras: an unfinished debate
On December 14, 2025, it will be 180 years since the inaugural ceremony of the Society of Entrepreneurial Genius and Good Taste was held in Tegucigalpa, an institution that later became the Literary Academy of Tegucigalpa and later the State University of Honduras. Despite being a transcendental event in the history of the country, the facts of how the Society was founded have never been clarified and the main narratives are contradictory and irreconcilable with each other. In this article, historical methodology is applied to the testimonies of those involved in the founding of the National University of Honduras with the aim of clarifying chronological aspects and participation in this event.
Copyright (c) 2025 Revista de la Universidad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of the informational treatment of sexual diversity in digital media in Honduras
One of the first lessons learned when studying communication for development in journalism is that the basic functions of the media are to inform, educate, and entertain. Through information, the media provides society with knowledge about the realities that surround us and thus, depending on the focus given to it, will serve to either highlight or discredit them. Communicators must be especially respectful when offering news that affects the LGTBI population, grounded in respect, which is not merely tolerance. Respect entails recognizing the other person as an equal, acknowledging differences, and committing to the existence of a space of freedom in which to coexist. Members of the LGBTIQ+ community (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, Intersex, Queer), like the rest of Hondurans, also enjoy the same constitutional rights, but the problem intensifies when communication professionals, institutions, and some sectors overlook these guarantees when the events are related to sexual diversity, and part of recognizing them is to receive correct informational treatment from the media. For this reason, the media must reflect the reality of LGBTIQ+ people in all possible spheres. To do so, it is necessary to seek, work on, and also convey positive references. This way, a media narrative that highlights their reality in all its breadth and dimensions is obtained. It has been proven that sometimes it can be complicated, as the right to privacy and respect for each person's image must be prioritized. Therefore, it is advisable to accept this challenge based on the collaboration of LGBTIQ+ people and the media that construct the audiovisual, editorial, digital, and radio discourse about all of them.
Indigenous uprising, fortune soldiers, hangmen, and a university founder pacifying villages in Honduras in 1871
This research note introduces the transcription of an unpublished document by one of the founders of what is today the Autonomous National University of Honduras, the Father Alejandro Flores. This document exposes the version of the indigenous uprising of 1871 in the southern departments of Honduras, by the person who served as a mediator between the government of José María Medina and the rebels. Apart from some data about certain historical figures involved in the events, this note does not seek to make any interpretation or analysis of the historical events that Father Flores addresses in his document.
North American Immigration to Honduras During the War Against William Walker (1856)
The year 1856 marked the pinnacle of the war against William Walker and filibusterism in Nicaragua, whose threat had ramifications throughout the isthmus. However, the threat to the identity and independence of the newly formed Central American states also came from powers such as Great Britain, which sought to impose its will over the region, with Honduras serving as a barometer and clashing with its rival, the United States. A war of words erupted between the powers, and both attempted to resolve their disputes—and the case of Honduras—through diplomacy. It was in this atmosphere that the government of Santos Guardiola began its administration of the country, and his psychological stance toward the filibusters led him to take actions perceived as hostile by the United States. Honduras’s interest in mining, promoted by William Wells who visited the country before Guardiola’s arrival, inspired many Americans to seek fortune and/or a better life, with many choosing to risk coming to the country amid the war against William Walker. How they were treated would reflect Guardiola’s attitude toward Americans, filibusterism, and immigration as a state policy. This contradicted the image portrayed by the leading media outlet of the time, the New York Herald, regarding Honduras and Guardiola’s government.
Socio-Business Networking and Its Digital Convergence: An Analysis in the Honduran Context
This research paper analyzes the implementation process of socio-business networking and its digital convergence in the creation of international business opportunities from a managerial perspective in Honduran companies. The research problem stems from the lack of knowledge about how organizations, especially small and medium-sized ones, are using networking as a strategy to access international markets, despite technological, structural, and managerial training barriers. The methodology used was qualitative, with a descriptive, cross-sectional design, using semi-structured interviews with Honduran general managers and businesspeople who have embarked on internationalization processes.
Multimodal heuristic assessment and instructional effectiveness: analysis of formative preferences among students in western Honduras
Multimodal educational environments impose significant challenges on the learning experience in Honduran higher education. This research analyzes the heuristic assessment that students make regarding different educational modalities (face-to-face, virtual, hybrid, and distance) in western Honduras, exploring their perceived instructional effectiveness and formative preferences. Through a sequential mixed methodological design, 373 surveys, 10 interviews, and a focus group with 7 representative students from regional educational centers were conducted. Results reveal significant differences in perceived efficiency between modalities, with higher ratings for face-to-face (M=4.23) and hybrid (M=3.86) compared to virtual (M=2.78) and distance (M=2.45).
The conceptualization of environmental education as a human right and its connection to Honduran regulatory reality
In light of existing regulatory progress, the declaration of environmental education as a human right becomes unavoidable for the development of the notion of a welfare and social rule-of-law state, capable of ensuring the full enjoyment of freedom, justice, and personal advancement for its citizens. Although such a declaration is not explicitly found within the text of the Honduran Constitution, it can be affirmed that recognition of this provision is achieved through a harmonious interpretation of the text, particularly in light of Article 63, which states: “The declarations, rights, and guarantees enumerated in this Constitution shall not be understood as the denial of other declarations, rights, and guarantees not specified […]”. Thus, the conceptualization of the right to environmental education is supported by what is expressed in Articles 15 and 16 of the Constitution, where every treaty approved by the National Congress becomes part of the country’s domestic law once it enters into force, thereby embracing principles that promote the strengthening of peace and democracy.
Economic Contribution of UNAH's Engagement with Society: An Exploratory Study
Nowadays, universities—through their outreach programs—have become key players in the development of nations, with both gradual and disruptive actions shaping society since their inception. However, studies that describe and quantify the economic impact and areas of influence of such outreach remain scarce. For this reason, an exploratory study has been conducted, focusing on the outreach efforts of the National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH) to estimate its economic impact, its effect on quality of life, and its contributions to both the State and Society. The results show that UNAH has influence in eight strategic regions and twenty-four priority areas, including health, education, legal counseling, national security, food security, non-formal education, and improvement of living conditions, among others. The economic impact of these outreach efforts exceeds 3.1 billion lempiras over the past five years. Ultimately, the findings lead to a redefinition of the concept of outreach and its systematization through a model tailored to the national reality, highlighting UNAH’s contribution to regional and national development.
A Lenca composure: an agrarian and life ritual
The Lenca compostura is a ritual that represents the agricultural cycle of rural farmers. The objective of this research is to describe a Lenca compostura in the villages of Yamaranguila, Honduras. The method of direct observation was applied, meaning the researcher was present at the site where the ritual took place and recorded what occurred during the ceremony, using audio recorders, a camera, and a notebook to document and study the ritual and the behavior of the participants. Participant observation is a method from anthropology and ethnography that emerges from interaction during data collection and requires the observer’s involvement in the events. The data obtained were organized to narrate the ritual in stages, including the corresponding prayers, tools used, and roles of the participants. The results reveal that the compostura is a Mesoamerican ritual with Christian elements. This study contributes to the religious and cultural preservation of the Lenca people.
Enduring a foreign conflict: Repercussions of the Nicaraguan Counterrevolution on the population of the Choluteca Department, Honduras, 1979–1990
This article aims to highlight and bring visibility to how the department of Choluteca, upon becoming an active conflict zone during the Nicaraguan Counterrevolution (1979–1990), experienced a negative impact on the local population due to various forms of aggression—harassment, kidnappings, injuries, and killings—that occurred during the course of this foreign conflict, which nonetheless had direct repercussions for the Hondurans living in the area. At the same time, it is argued that there was not necessarily a direct link between the clashes involving armed groups (the Contras, Sandinistas, and the Honduran Armed Forces) and the aggressions suffered by the population. Although armed confrontations persisted consistently from 1979 to 1986 and gradually declined until 1990, hostilities against civilians occurred throughout the Nicaraguan Counterrevolution (1979–1990), without necessarily being related to or resulting from those confrontations. This demonstrates that many of the aggressions were isolated and premeditated actions carried out by these groups against Honduran civilians and Nicaraguan refugees.
British Timber Harvesting Practices in Federal Honduras
Since the colonial period, the British showed a remarkable interest in Honduran wood, for its quality and resistance, representing an important raw material for the manufacture of a variety of artifacts. In this sense, Great Britain undertook expeditions to dispute the Spanish Crown for this important resource. At first they were successful, but the diversions at the end of the 18th century caused by events such as the independence of the United States and the French Revolution momentarily deviated the lumber interest of the British. It was not until the 19th century, during the federal period, when the British again became interested in the exploitation of timber, especially in the Honduran North Coast, as a result of the depletion of raw materials from the industrial revolution and the growing imperialist policy directed towards Latin America. Key figures in the internal politics of the nation such as Francisco Morazán and Diego Vigil, as well as British like the merchant Marshal Bennett and Consul Frederick Chatfield played a crucial role in the development of this dynamic that had both political and economic implications.
Analysis of the principle of subsidiarity and MSMEs as private initiatives for economic growth in Honduras: a view from the ESM
This academic essay analyzes the principle of subsidiarity and the role of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), examining how state intervention in the market can affect the organic development of these businesses. It highlights the importance of balancing government action with market autonomy. Drawing on Development Theory, it explores public policies in the Honduran context regarding support and growth. The conclusion points out that, in Honduras, despite various initiatives and interventions targeting MSMEs, support for these enterprises is not clearly linked to a framework of national economic growth policies or to the competitiveness of the business sector in particular. Support programs have been characterized by their isolation from broader economic, productive, and large-scale enterprise policies. As a result, the principle of subsidiarity is not fulfilled in Honduras with respect to MSMEs, limiting their ability to fully contribute to national economic development.
Vagrants, idlers, and those poorly entertained in the Mayor's Office of Tegucigalpa in the 17th century
This research paper aims to analyze the situation of certain groups or categories—such as vagrants, idlers, and the ill-behaved—in the alcaldía mayor of Tegucigalpa during the 17th century. The goal is to understand the behavior of these groups and the actions of colonial authorities, particularly how they used judicial discretion to punish, pursue, and penalize these offenses. It is important to note that punishments for vagrancy differed between the 17th and 18th centuries, as the forms of repression in each period were quite distinct. This aspect is also part of our analysis: to examine the methods of punishment and how they evolved over time. Our study is based on documented cases of vagrancy found in the National Archive of Honduras.
<pre id="tw-target-text" class="tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta" dir="ltr" tabindex="-1" role="text" data-placeholder="Traducción" data-ved="2ahUKEwip6MPPmJKRAxUXmWoFHW6vBFkQ3ewLegQIDBAV" aria-label="Texto traducido: This section displays a copy of volume 1 of the University Journal, produced by the UNAH's Directorate of Culture through the Academic Coordination of Cultural Management from 2017 to 2025, and three (3) printed publications published by the UNAH University Press: Sombra (Shadow) Arturo Martínez Galindo Mateus José Luis Ramírez Luengo The Lenca of Honduras and the Lenca of El Salvador or Chilanga Atanasio Herranz">This section displays a copy of volume 1 of the University Journal, produced by the UNAH's Directorate of Culture through the Academic Coordination of Cultural Management from 2017 to 2025, and three (3) printed publications published by the UNAH University Press: Sombra (Shadow) Arturo Martínez Galindo Mateus José Luis Ramírez Luengo The Lenca of Honduras and the Lenca of El Salvador or Chilanga Atanasio Herranz
The present editorial is developed by the Head of the Directorate of Culture in this year 2025. Master Oneyda Cleotilde Mendoza Zepeda mentions in her editorial: The University Journal is the official organ for dissemination and scientific communication of the Alma Mater since 1909. A publication that continues its historical legacy, renewed with clearer objectives and greater impact, stimulating dialogue, critique, and the dissemination of the most relevant ideas generated within the university community, with the purpose of transcending academic settings at the international level and thus establishing a bridge to society through research that provides solutions to national problems.
1825–2025. Two hundred years of communication between two wise men from different continents: Alexander von Humboldt and José Cecilio del Valle.
The German sage Alexander von Humboldt traveled through various regions of the Americas during the first quarter of the nineteenth century on an epic journey that enabled him to build his monumental scientific work. The data he gathered provide us with valuable information about our continent, and our distinguished scholar Valle always regretted that it did not include the Central American region, even though Humboldt journeyed through different parts of Mexico, a nation from which we are not geographically very distant.
Liberal Ideology and Urban Modernization: Marco Aurelio Soto Reforms in Tegucigalpa (1876-1883). A Historical Approach
The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of liberalism and positivist philosophy on the elites of the 19th and early 20th centuries in Latin America, with an emphasis on Honduras within the Central American context. Key external and internal elements are examined, such as the political support of Justo Rufino Barrios, the legal structure of land tenure, the relocation of the capital after the rise to power of Marco Aurelio Soto and Ramón Rosa, as well as the history of hygiene policies in Honduras and subsequently Tegucigalpa as the seat of government between 1876 and 1883. This reform process led to the implementation of sanitary infrastructure, such as hospitals, cemeteries, and prisons, as well as the creation of public spaces for recreation, such as plazas and promenades. The influence of hygienists, including architects, doctors, and police officers in the service of the state, was fundamental in this development. In this way, it is possible to understand the relationship between the discourse of progress and urban regulation practices, as well as social exclusion in the construction of the nation-state, the consolidation of liberalism, and integration with the global capitalist market.
The ideas of Policarpo Bonilla on women's education 1894-1895
This research article analyzes the role of women in the liberal ideal of Policarpo Bonilla (1858-1926) during the first years of his presidency (1894-1899). It examines the relationship between the liberal ideal and women, focusing on education and the liberal view of their role in domesticity, which was limited and restrictive. The liberal elite promoted a model of female domination based on education, relegating women to a subordinate role centered on procreation and household care, with no access to political and economic participation. This perspective reflects the contradiction between the theoretical liberal discourse and the reality of a patriarchal society. The research uses primary sources such as “La Gaceta” (1894-1895), “El 5 de Julio” (1895), and Bonilla's speeches, as well as works by authors such as Villars, Inestroza, and Cosse, applying a qualitative content analysis methodology.
Eight Steps to Understand the Audiovisual Renaissance in Honduras: The Postwar Film School
This article explores the foundations that shape up one of the most innovative initiatives for the developing cinematography practice in Honduran panorama: the Postwar Film School. This community of emerging creators pursues the exploration and the study of audiovisual language as the main input to stimulate freedom of expression through cinema, aimed at all students of the most important University in Honduras. Acknowledging that the vast majority of participants come from modest social groups with few resources, it makes them aware that filmmaking is mainly a collective art, which, when developed through the support of all those involved, with the available resources and with a bit of rebellion, talent, discipline and love of art, they can create films that question reality and help to a better understand it.
Architecture in action: form and transcendence of the Nicolás Avellaneda Theatre
This article addresses the Nicolas Avellaneda Theater, located on Sixth Avenue in Comayaguela, as an architectural object whose cultural value exceeds its neoclassical limits to become a living testament to the performing arts, a faithful observer of shows since 1898. Through a comprehensive study, the formal and functional characteristics of the building are analyzed, as well as its integration into the surrounding urban context and the role it plays as a stage for Honduran social life. It is also proposed that this theater should not only be understood and valued as architectural heritage due to its age, but also as a symbolic space of historical and cultural significance in the public life of Hondurans.
Two illustrious Hondurans: Dionisio de Herrera and José Trinidad Reyes
<pre id="tw-target-text" class="tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta" dir="ltr" tabindex="-1" role="text" data-placeholder="Traducción" data-ved="2ahUKEwi4yr6i24ORAxXn7ckDHaKsGGMQ3ewLegQIDBAV" aria-label="Texto traducido: Two illustrious Hondurans: Dionisio de Herrera and José Trinidad Reyes Honduras Rotaria Magazine, publication of the Rotary Club of Tegucigalpa. Year I, numbers 4 and 5. July and August 1943. Part One, pages 6 and 26-28">Two illustrious Hondurans: Dionisio de Herrera and José Trinidad Reyes Honduras Rotaria Magazine, publication of the Rotary Club of Tegucigalpa. Year I, numbers 4 and 5. July and August 1943. Part One, pages 6 and 26-28
From José Dionisio de Herrera’s Patriotic Gatherings to the construction of identity spaces inspired by UNAH’s Lo Esencial Program
<pre id="tw-target-text" class="tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta" dir="ltr" tabindex="-1" role="text" data-placeholder="Traducción" data-ved="2ahUKEwi4yr6i24ORAxXn7ckDHaKsGGMQ3ewLegQIDBAV" aria-label="Texto traducido: At the beginning of its republican life in Central America, Honduran society, under the first federal government of Honduras, experienced a vision of liberating change in contrast to the preceding society of the colonial monarchy. Among the main examples of these changes, we must mention the contributions to public education spearheaded by the first Supreme Head of State of Honduras, José Dionisio de Herrera; and the "Patriotic Gatherings" held in venues belonging to the then Honduran state, with the aim of strengthening the sense of identity among the inhabitants of the nascent Honduran society and increasing patriotic commitment.">At the beginning of its republican life in Central America, Honduran society, under the first federal government of Honduras, experienced a vision of liberating change in contrast to the preceding society of the colonial monarchy. Among the main examples of these changes, we must mention the contributions to public education spearheaded by the first Supreme Head of State of Honduras, José Dionisio de Herrera; and the "Patriotic Gatherings" held in venues belonging to the then Honduran state, with the aim of strengthening the sense of identity among the inhabitants of the nascent Honduran society and increasing patriotic commitment.
Scholarship Project for Students in France (1833). Lawyer Próspero José Herrera Díaz del Valle, Extraordinary Envoy and Plenipotentiary Minister of the Federal Republic of Central America in France
The Theory of Planned Behavior, as an explanatory model of the attitudes of the UNAH students towards people with disabilities
This study was carried out with the objective of analyzing the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), as an explanatory model regarding the attitude of students of Law, Business Informatics, Psychology, Education and Journalism at UNAH towards people with disability. A proportionally stratified random probability sample was used, and a Likert Scale was applied to 372 students from the five majors of study prior to their informed consent. The findings reveal that 90% of students have a favorable attitude towards people with disabilities, while only 10% have an unfavorable attitude or are indifferent towards them. However, there are still prejudices on the subject; according to the data, 42% of students stated that a simple and repetitive job is the most appropriate for those who present that condition, and 20.3% stated that they would not include colleagues with disabilities in their work teams.
Functionality and effectiveness of the remote laboratory as a teaching strategy in university chemistry
The purpose of the research presented here was to analyze the functionality and effectiveness of the remote laboratory (RL) when teaching university chemistry in a context where technology and infrastructure limitations are present. The study was developed from a quantitative approach with a non-experimental, descriptive and transversal design, in which information was collected through a Likert scale questionnaire applied to 29 students of a Regional Campus of the National Autonomous University of Honduras. We worked with the total population and therefore no sampling procedures were applied. The variables analyzed were functionality and effectiveness, the former based on four indicators and the latter on six indicators. The results showed that, despite the need for improvement strategies in all indicators, the remote laboratory is a viable alternative to complement the teaching of chemistry in a practical way in universities.
Correlational Analysis Between School Management and Student Performance
This study focuses on examining the relationship between the administrative management skills of the principals of public schools and the academic results of their alumni when performing the Academic Aptitude Test (PAA) applied in the National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH) admission process. The investigation began with documentary research and report analysis from the Admission System Management Office, noting that there are no previous studies relating the management performance of the principals as a factor influencing such results. A qualitative and quantitative instrument was designed for field application, based on classical management theories (planning, organizing, commanding, and controlling) and the Theory of Human Relations (motivation, leadership, and communication).This questionnaire was applied to a convenience sample of ten public school principals located in the Central District of Honduras, five of whom had obtained the highest average results (sample A), and five schools with less than 50% of admitted students (sample B), emphasizing the definition and relationship of the administrative practices and processes applied in those schools. As for the results in the administrative management practices of the principals of samples A and B, significant differences were found in the processes of Planning and Controlling, but not in the others.
Reflection on current trends and challenges in university education at the national and international level.
This paper examines the current trends and challenges faced by higher education institutions at both the national and international levels, as they strive to fulfill their mission of serving as engines of societal development and contributing to the training of competent professionals. These institutions are subject to pressures arising from various factors such as globalization, the scientific and technological revolution, and the redefinition of the role of the state, as well as the demand for a shift in the university paradigm that assumes the educational process must be centered on the student’s active learning. In this context, the professor takes on the role of facilitator and guide in the formative process
1975-2025. Arturo López Rodezno: a tribute commemorating half a century since his death
<pre id="tw-target-text" class="tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta" dir="ltr" tabindex="-1" role="text" data-placeholder="Traducción" data-ved="2ahUKEwiz-Pj44fyQAxUH5ckDHcXxCiIQ3ewLegQIERAV" aria-label="Texto traducido: On Friday, January 10, 1975, the artist Arturo López Rodezno passed away in the city of Tegucigalpa, and with his death, a true symbol of 20th-century Honduran art departed. His prolific life as an artist, cultural promoter, and diplomat has earned him a place of honor in the artistic and intellectual history of our nation.">On Friday, January 10, 1975, the artist Arturo López Rodezno passed away in the city of Tegucigalpa, and with his death, a true symbol of 20th-century Honduran art departed. His prolific life as an artist, cultural promoter, and diplomat has earned him a place of honor in the artistic and intellectual history of our nation.
Interculturality in Education: Theoretical and Practical Perspectives
This article explores the role of intercultural education in Honduras as a pivotal mechanism for enhancing the national education system through the acknowledgment of cultural, identity-related, and territorial plurality. Employing a conceptual and methodological framework structured around the themes of identity, communal coexistence, and territoriality, the research identifies a set of intercultural competencies classified into cognitive, procedural, and attitudinal domains. These competencies were examined and validated through focus group discussions with educators. The analysis differentiates between multiculturalism, pluriculturalism, and interculturality, the latter being framed as a dynamic and transformative interaction among culturally distinct groups. The article also contrasts two educational paradigms: a conventional, assimilationist model and a critical intercultural model that fosters inclusivity and interrogates systemic inequalities.
Towards a University Cultural Policy at Universidad José Cecilio del Valle: The Experience of the Sports, Arts, and Culture Unit as a Model of Innovative Management (2022–2024)
This article systematizes the experience developed by the Sports, Arts, and Culture Unit (UDAC) of the Universidad José Cecilio del Valle (UJCV) between 2022 and 2024, as a basis for reflecting on the construction of a sustainable university cultural policy. In a context where the arts, culture, and sports have historically occupied a marginal position within private higher education in Central America, UDAC has promoted an emerging model that integrates these areas as structural pillars of institutional development. Grounded in a theoretical framework centered on cultural rights, cultural democracy, and critical interculturality, and employing a qualitative methodology based on autoethnography, systematization of experiences, and documentary analysis, the study organizes its findings around three dimensions: cultural governance, formative practices, and socio-educational projection. The results reveal achievements, tensions, and lessons learned that help outline proposals for a participatory, critical, and contextualized cultural policy, with the potential to be replicated in other universities in the region.
Information structure and participant coding in the Miskito language: first approach
This work presents, for the first time, an approach to how the notions of Topic and Focus are expressed in the Miskito language of Misumalpa origin located in Honduras and Nicaragua. It is proposed to describe the mechanisms that Miskito uses to express the topic and focus from the discourse. Also, account for the status of the suffix -ka 'possessive.3' as a participant retriever, a mechanism that is only observable in discourse. Additionally, observe the participants coding in the language.
Effect of chemical control of Hypsipyla grandella on Swietenia macrophylla growth in agroforestry systems in the Atlantic coast of Honduras
The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of chemical treatment as control of Hypsipyla grandella (shoot borer) on Swietenia macrophylla King (mahogany) trees growing in two cacao agroforestry systems (AFS) on the UNAH-Atlántida campus. Mahogany is susceptible to attacks from the shoot borer, which reduces its growth and causes bifurcation and stem deformities. A chemical treatment (tiacloprid, beta-ciflutrine, in solution) was applied during the first two years against the shoot borer on trees in one AFS, while trees in another AFS were left untreated. After the first two years, formative pruning was applied to trees in both AFS. Tree growth was evaluated using DBH and height, while stem quality was evaluated using stem form, inclination, bifurcation and stem straightness. The results showed that treated trees suffered fewer pest attacks than untreated trees, exhibited significantly greater growth in DBH and height, and had better stem quality. The findings of this study demonstrated that, with proper control of the shoot borer, mahogany trees can be successfully planted as permanent shade in agroforestry systems, offering great economic benefits for farmers.
Tax and Financial Challenges in Honduran Entrepreneurship: Towards a Culture of Tax Compliance
Honduran entrepreneurs face considerable challenges related to taxation and financial education, which limits their ability to formalize their businesses and access the benefits of the tax system. This article explores the tax and financial barriers they face, the impact of the lack of financial education on voluntary taxation, and the strategies needed to foster a culture of tax compliance. Through a mixed methodology that includes literature review, surveys of entrepreneurs, and data from the Tax Administration Service (SAR), solutions are proposed to improve tax education, simplify processes, and promote business formalization.
Beliefs about plurilingualism: a view of foreign Language Professors
This research aims to know the beliefs about plurilingualism from professors of the Foreign Languages Undergraduate Program at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras. This study is quantitative, with a non-experimental design and cross-sectional. The questionnaire "Beliefs of teachers in training on multilingualism" (CREEPROF) was applied for data collection to 37 professors. The data analysis was conducted on IBM SPSS Statistics versión 26 software. As a result, it is revealed that foreign language professors show a predominantly favorable attitude towards plurilingualism, valuing linguistic diversity and rejecting monolingual positions. However, significant contradictions are identified between this theoretical support and its practical application, particularly in methodological strategies such as translanguaging and multicultural classroom management. Participants recognize training shortcomings in implementing multilingual approaches and point to structural limitations (curricular time, resources) that hinder their effective development. Despite the consensus on its importance, partial resistance and discrepancies persist in its operationalization, highlighting the need for specialized teacher training and institutional policies to close the gap between principles and practice. The study shows the complexity of translating beliefs in favor of plurilingualism into concrete pedagogical actions.
Dose assessment through a double dosimetry approach in Hemodynamics area
Hemodynamics in interventional cardiology involves prolonged procedures with exposure to ionizing radiation, which represents a significant risk for healthcare personnel. For this reason, the Personal Dosimetry Laboratory UNAH (LDPUNAH) has implemented the use of double dosimetry, utilizing one dosimeter below and another dosimeter above the lead apron, following the recommendations of ICRP 85, to improve the estimation of the effective dose received. However, it is not always adequately applied within hospital settings. The doses received by nine individuals in the hemodynamics area were evaluated between February and May 2024, using two TLD-100 dosimeters per person calibrated for the magnitudes of whole-body and superficial equivalent doses. The results of single dosimetry estimations were compared to the double dosimetry methodology, applying the Swiss Ordinance algorithm for double dosimetry. The effective dose with double dosimetry was calculated considering two different dosimetry approaches, where it was observed that physicians had higher exposures compared to technologists and nurses. Double dosimetry showed significant variability in superficial doses, especially in monthly register in February, while April presented the lowest values in all cases. Proper use of double dosimetry can enhance the estimation of superficial equivalent doses by evaluating more information considering personal protective equipment.
The fragility of love in the poetry collection Under the Thin Steppe of the Afternoon (2023) by Felipe Rodríguez Medina
Current Honduran poetry is going through a moment of apogee in which a multitude of themes, representations and influences are appearing. Thus, the book Bajo la delgada estepa de la tarde (2023) written by Felipe Rodríguez Medina, is part of this recent literary production. The objective of this work is to point out love as the center of the human condition in this poetic proposal. The beloved is the focus of attention of the amorous expression. Under a hermeneutic analysis, the traits related to love are found. Some of Z. Bauman's reflections on love and modernity enter into dialogue. Among the main results, the poetic voice unfolds in the loving word, finds in the beloved the generating motive that is enunciated in everyday life, a simple language and the purity of feeling.
Language and culture, cohesive elements? A perspective from the learner of an L2 or LE, in Honduras
This study focused on the influence of culture in the teaching-learning processes of second or foreign languages. The objectives were: to determine if there is an incorporation of the cultural component in the language teaching-learning process, to describe the process of insertion of the cultural component in language teaching-learning, and finally, to reveal if language learning is more feasible when there is linguistic and cultural immersion. The research was conducted with 30 students who studied a second or other language in Honduras, belonging to three universities in the country: Escuela Agrícola Panamericana Zamorano (EAP), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH) and Universidad Pedagógica Nacional “Francisco Morazán” (UPNFM). Information was collected through a questionnaire guide and life histories, through stories. It was determined that there is contact with cultural references when learning a second or foreign language. On the one hand, a more communicative component with interactions with native speakers, academic and cultural participation; on the other hand, in a more personal way, related to cultural materials such as books, films, music, traditions, customs and gastronomy. Indeed, learning a new language is more feasible when there is simultaneous linguistic and cultural immersion.
A historical look at the construction of environmental awareness in the Central District
The government of Tiburcio Carías Andino included as part of its administrative policy the formation of the Central District, for the regulation of the cities of Tegucigalpa and Comayagüela, by the executive branch. This council would henceforth be responsible for making decisions concerning administration in general terms. In relation to the latter, the president of the Council Tomas Quiñones, together with the other members, will execute a series of measures aimed at generating environmental awareness, which is reflected in the creation of special laws for the protection of forests, municipal ordinances for the control of garbage and care of water sources among others; It is also important to note that emphasis was placed on the dissemination of this knowledge through the means of dissemination available at the time, such as bulletins, newspapers and special editions published for that purpose.
Sustainable production of chili seedlings (Capsicum annuum) in La Ceiba, Honduras: impact of different bocashi formulas, 2018
During the months of May to July 2018, the use of three Bocashi-type organic fertilizer formulas was evaluated in the production of chili seedlings (Capsicum annuum L.) in northern Honduras, under greenhouse conditions. The experimental design was completely randomized with a 3x3 factorial arrangement, with three treatments: Bocashi vacaza, Bocashi chicken manure and Bocashi sow, and a control without fertilizer. The variables evaluated included nutrient concentration, root length, stem length and number of leaves, 20 days after germination. The results showed that the Bocashi chicken manure presented the highest concentrations of nitrogen (6.9 g kg-¹), phosphorus (4.35 g kg-¹), organic matter (14.8%) and carbon (8.57%). Furthermore, seedlings treated with Bocashi gallinaza showed similar growth to Bocashi vacaza in terms of root length, number of leaves and stem length. It was concluded that Bocashi chicken manure was the most effective treatment in terms of nutrition and growth of the seedlings, standing out for its better nutrient retention, improved humidity and its C/N ratio, favoring balanced soil decomposition.
Estimating the optimal income tax in Central America: effects of tax pressure on economic growth (1991–2024)
This study analyzes the relationship between tax pressure and economic growth in six Central American countries during the period 1991–2024, intending to estimate an optimal income tax rate for the region. The research is grounded in the theory of optimal taxation and the Laffer curve, applying a fixed effects panel data model to identify non-linear effects of income taxation on tax revenue, including cross-effects with consumption taxes. In addition, a tax progressivity index was constructed to evaluate the regressivity of tax systems. The results show that most regional tax systems have been predominantly regressive, except Panama. A Laffer curve for income tax is confirmed, allowing the estimation of an optimal rate that balances revenue efficiency and fiscal equity in the region. These findings are relevant to inform tax reform in Central America aimed at fostering more sustainable and equitable economic growth.
Intrinsic factors that influence the application of research methodologies in students of the National Autonomous University of Honduras
This study describes the intrinsic factors that influence the application of research methodologies in students of the International Trade career at the National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH). Carried out during the I PAC 2024, with a quantitative approach and descriptive design, with a population of 304, a questionnaire was applied to an intentional sample of 133 students. The results revealed a direct relationship between intrinsic factors with the performance of scientific research (81%), highlighting emotional, family and academic load; Despite the positive assessment of the learning of the research methodology as an employability competence (98%), a high perception of its application of 71% was recorded, with a limited identification of the student's role as a researcher, as well as weaknesses in the conceptualization and execution of the research process. It is concluded that among these factors that influence the application of scientific methodology, time management, access to updated information, and availability of resources predominate. In addition, the results show the existence of a pattern of relationship between intrinsic factors and academic performance in research projects, the most representative of which are emotional, family environment and academic load.
Evaluation of the basic knowledge of oral lesions in dentistry students enrolled in ‘Stomatological Clinics’
During This evaluation investigated the level of knowledge of students who are taking the subject of Stomatological Clinics at the Faculty of Dentistry of the National Autonomous University of Honduras, about pathological lesions in oral tissues. Objective: To determine the level of stomatopathological knowledge handled by fifth-year "A" students of the Faculty of Dentistry. Methodology: This research was carried out through a controlled survey to a total of five groups that make up the internships of the first semester of 2025. It was ensured that the respondents did not receive any information beyond the instructions on how to complete the survey. Subsequently, the data was statistically analyzed and the categories of correct and incorrect responses of the entire sample were established. Results: It was identified that a significant majority of students who are in their fifth "A" year do not handle to a greater or lesser extent the basic knowledge related to Oral Pathology that must be possessed in the Dentistry career in recent periods. Conclusions: Most students were unable to satisfactorily answer the question of identifying the types of oral lesions. This was not only the case in terms of recognizing the lesion, but also in the very concept of lesion and pathology. This showed that the vast majority of students have not retained the basic information necessary for effective use in the clinic when they encounter one of these lesions.
The influence on the psycholinguistics reading processing in the English language on the level one at CRUNAC in 2024
This research examines the influence on the reading processing in the English language in CRUNAC English level 1 students. This study identifies linguistic influences such as language transfer, language contact, motivational factors including intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, textual influences, as well as the linguistic knowledge that is required and its role in reading processing. A quantitative and descriptive approach was used, and 11 students were surveyed to analyze the influence on the reading processing in the English language. The results reveal key factors influencing reading processing in Level 1 students. Reading difficulty (100%) is the most impactful factor, followed by teachers' influence (82%), learners’ perceptions (91%), and family influence (64%). Linguistic knowledge plays a vital role: syntax (100%), phonology (91%), semantics (90%), and vocabulary (82%) enhance reading comprehension. Effective strategies include questioning (100%), scanning (91%), prediction (82%), and skimming (73%), aiding students in attracting and retaining information. These results offer actionable recommendations for educators to enhance language instruction.
Premiere of the Teatro Nacional Manuel Bonilla: the role of the Ughetti - Severini Company of spanish operettas and zarzuelas (1916)
This essay addresses a brief historical account of the premiere of the Manuel Bonilla National Theater (TNMB), held on July 25, 1916, and focuses mainly on the analysis of the role played by the Spanish operetta and zarzuela company "Ughetti Severini". The research has been developed from a qualitative approach and through the historical method, which allows the analysis of the real trajectory of events of the past. In this context, a journey is made that goes from the creation initiative to the inauguration of the TNMB, as well as the formation of the Company and the expectations prior to the premiere of the emblematic theater in Tegucigalpa. Likewise, the musical and theatrical analysis of "The Chocolate Soldier", a Viennese operetta by the Austrian composer Oscar Straus, with which the Company debuted at the TNMB, is deepened. Finally, the study considers the critical opinions issued in a newspaper of the time, after the premiere of the theater, in 1916.
Nature as Witness: Symbolism and Displacement in Manjushree Thapa’s Seasons of Flight
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Confucio Montes de Oca: A Tribute in Remembrance of the First Centenary of His Passing
Confucio Montes de Oca was a Honduran painter and writer, born and deceased in La Ceiba, Atlántida Department (1896–1925). This year marks the centenary of his untimely death at the age of twenty-nine. Chronologically, he belonged to the generation of painters of the 1920s, which included Pablo Zelaya Sierra, Max Euceda, Carlos Zúñiga Figueroa, Horacio Reina, and the sculptor Samuel Salgado.